Roasting of Titanium Concentrate and the Smelting Process for Titanium Iron

Titanium‑iron is primarily used as an alloying agent, deoxidizer, and degasser in steel and alloy steels, as well as a foundry additive and a coating for welding electrodes. For the titanium‑iron smelting process to proceed smoothly, the reaction heat must reach 2,554–2,596 kJ/kg; under these conditions, nearly all iron oxides are reduced, with about 90% of silicon dioxide being reduced, and TiO₂ being reduced to its highest oxidation state of Ti⁴⁺ at approximately 77%. The titanium remaining in the slag exists as lower‑valent oxides that are difficult to reduce. Therefore, the mixed charge must be preheated before smelting; for every 100°C increase in temperature, the specific heat effect can be enhanced by nearly 125 kJ/kg. Traditionally, preheaters have been brick‑lined reverberatory furnaces, which represent a conventional pyrometallurgical approach.

Introduction to the Smelting Furnace Straightening Machine

As a key piece of equipment in the production of titanium sponge, the smelting furnace is prone to contraction in its high-temperature reaction zone under the influence of temperature and vacuum levels. With repeated use, significant deformation can occur, making it difficult to remove the titanium sponge cakes. To address this challenge, our company has designed and developed a new type of smelting furnace straightening machine. This straightening machine consists primarily of a support frame, hydraulic cylinders, a main drive wheel assembly, an idler wheel assembly, a guiding mechanism, supporting trays, a hydraulic oil station, and a control console. By applying hydraulic pressure to deformed areas of the furnace body, the machine restores the original shape without requiring disassembly, thereby greatly improving operational efficiency. It features the following characteristics: 1. A wide range of straightening capabilities: a single unit can correct cylindrical shells of various diameters. 2. A large correction area: it can handle axial lengths of up to 1.5 meters. 3. A robust frame design that resists deformation even under repeated loading. 4. Maximum plate thickness that can be corrected: 50 mm. 5. An all‑LCD digital display control system for convenient and rapid operation. 6. Excellent straightening performance: after correction, the service life of the furnace is roughly doubled, delivering significant economic benefits.

Introduction to the Production Process of High-Titanium Slag

High‑titanium slag is a concentrated titanium ore product formed through physical processing. It is obtained by heating and melting titanium ore in an electric furnace, allowing the titanium dioxide and iron to melt and separate, thereby yielding a high‑titanium‑dioxide concentrate. High‑titanium slag is neither waste nor a byproduct; rather, it serves as a premium raw material for producing titanium tetrachloride, titanium dioxide pigment, and sponge titanium. In recent years, with the rapid growth of China’s titanium dioxide and sponge titanium industries, demand for high‑titanium slag has increased steadily. Notably, this slag boasts a high titanium content, generates minimal “three wastes” (waste gas, wastewater, and solid waste), exhibits excellent resource and energy utilization, and can help enhance product quality. Despite ongoing expansion in domestic production, supply still falls short of robust domestic demand, necessitating substantial annual imports to bridge the gap. Currently, most domestic high‑titanium slag is produced via electric‑furnace smelting, a high‑temperature metallurgical process characterized by high energy consumption, stringent requirements for reducing agents, low output, and elevated production costs. To address these challenges, our company has conducted systematic research and adopted a combined technology involving rotary kiln pre‑reduction followed by a submerged‑arc furnace for molten separation. This process has already been thoroughly validated in the smelting of lateritic nickel ores. Given that the production principles and operational characteristics of high‑titanium slag are similar to those of lateritic nickel ores, and considering contemporary demands related to production costs, environmental protection, and energy efficiency, the optimal approach for manufacturing high‑titanium slag today is the coordinated use of a rotary kiln and a submerged‑arc furnace. This integrated process offers unparalleled advantages and is poised to become the mainstream technology driving future developments in high‑titanium slag production. Compared with conventional methods, this new process delivers the following benefits: 1. Lower energy consumption—energy use per ton of finished product is reduced by approximately 30%–40%. 2. Higher metallization rates during rotary‑kiln reduction, reaching around 70%–80%. 3. Significantly increased electric‑furnace throughput, as hot feedstock entering the furnace shortens reaction times. In response to evolving demands within the nonferrous metals metallurgy sector over the past few years, our company has intensified investments in human resources and capital for research, development, and manufacturing of metallurgical processes and equipment related to molybdenum, titanium, vanadium, and lateritic nickel ores. Through continuous innovation and experience accumulation, we have established an industrial structure encompassing everything from process design to equipment fabrication, installation, and commissioning. This enables us to provide comprehensive solutions—from project consulting to post‑installation maintenance—offering customers well‑thought‑out process designs and reliable, high‑quality products.

Production Process and Technical Characteristics of Flake Vanadium Pentoxide via the Two-Step Method

The two-step process for producing flaky vanadium pentoxide is simple, clearly demonstrating advantages such as low capital investment in equipment, efficient thermal energy utilization, and high recovery rates. Process flow: Technical features: This process is used to melt ammonium metavanadate into flakes, producing flaky vanadium pentoxide. Production capacity can be tailored to meet enterprise needs, ranging from 5 t/d to 24 t/d or higher. It accommodates a wide range of fuels, including coal, town gas, natural gas, and fuel oil. Melting can be carried out at relatively low temperatures (850–900°C), with the resulting combustion gases directly employed for drying and pre-decomposition of ammonium metavanadate, ensuring highly efficient heat recovery. The system is easy to operate and has a low failure rate. Overall recovery efficiency is exceptionally high, reaching η ≥ 98.5–99%, while maintaining an environmentally friendly production process. Key economic and technical indicators: - Capital investment is reduced by approximately one-third to one-half compared to the three-step process. - Recovery rate is very high, η ≥ 98.5–99%. - Energy consumption is low, with a specific energy requirement of approximately 240 kgce/t V₂O₅.

Active Lime Calcination Production Line Solution

Active lime refers to lime calcined within the temperature range of 920°C to 1200°C. It is characterized by a porosity as high as 40%, a sponge-like structure, and a low bulk density of 1.7–2.0 g/cm³, along with a large specific surface area that can reach 0.5–1.3 m²/g. Its lime grains are fine, giving it a high melting capacity during slag formation. In practical production, to accelerate decomposition, the calcination temperature is often raised to 1000–1100°C. Due to factors such as the large particle size of the limestone feedstock or uneven temperature distribution within the kiln during calcination, the resulting lime often contains both underburned and overburned fractions. Underburned lime contains calcium carbonate that has not fully decomposed, resulting in poor binding properties when used. Overburned lime exhibits a dense microstructure, frequently coated with a layer of fused material on its surface, and dissolves very slowly. Moreover, since raw materials often contain magnesium carbonate, the resulting quicklime also contains magnesium oxide as an impurity. Depending on the magnesium oxide content, quicklime is classified into calcareous lime and magnesian lime.

Construction Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery Solutions

Construction Waste Recycling Solutions As urbanization accelerates, demand for construction materials continues to rise, leading to the overexploitation of existing resources and the ongoing degradation of the natural environment. Chaozhong has developed innovative solutions to address the environmental challenges posed by construction waste. With a dedicated design team and years of extensive experience, we enjoy a strong competitive edge in the industry. Solution Overview In response to the characteristics of demolition‑type construction waste, our production process incorporates multi‑stage crushing and screening, which can be adjusted according to specific requirements to produce high‑quality recycled products. This approach significantly boosts production capacity while reducing costs.

Cement Production Solutions

Cement Production Solutions: Transforming raw materials into clinker through calcination—this is where Chaozhong’s innovative solutions truly shine. Drawing on practical experience, we continuously refine our expertise and build a strong brand by leveraging a dedicated team to design, manufacture, and deliver comprehensive installation and commissioning services. Solution Overview: A typical cement production line comprises the “two grinding, one burning” process, including crushing and pre-homogenization, raw meal preparation and homogenization, preheating and decomposition, clinker burning, and cement grinding and packaging. Guided by the principles of reduced environmental impact and cost efficiency, Chaozhong develops customized solutions tailored to market demands.

Molybdenum Iron Roasting and Smelting Project

1. Industry Application Overview of “Molybdenum Concentrate Roasting and Ferromolybdenum Smelting Equipment” ① Introduction to the Process Flow for Molybdenum Concentrate Roasting and Ferromolybdenum Smelting Brief description of the process flow (simplified process diagram): Molybdenum concentrate roasting: Ferromolybdenum smelting: ② Techno-Economic Performance Indicators Molybdenum concentrate roasting: After drying, the molybdenum concentrate contains a total moisture and oil content of approximately 2%–4%, while maintaining its original particle size and loose bulk density. The roasting heat source may include coal, fuel oil, or various gaseous fuels; fuel consumption is expressed in terms of standard coal equivalent, with G ≈ 250–300 kg per ton of concentrate. Energy‑efficient rotary kiln roasting consumes fuel under normal operating conditions…

Ferro-Molybdenum Roasting and Smelting Engineering Solution

Molybdenum concentrate roasting: After drying, the molybdenum concentrate contains a total moisture and oil content of approximately 2% to 4%, while maintaining its original particle size and loose structure. The roasting heat source may include coal, fuel oil, or various gaseous fuels; fuel consumption is expressed in terms of standard coal, with an approximate rate of G ≈ 250–300 kg per ton of ore. In energy‑efficient rotary kiln roasting, fuel consumption is essentially zero during normal production. A internally heated rotary kiln can produce approximately 6–14 tons per day of molybdenum oxide; this capacity yields high output when used for ferromolybdenum smelting but lower output when applied to molybdenum chemical production. For ferromolybdenum smelting, the molybdenum oxide produced should have a sulfur content of less than 0.1%; for molybdenum chemical applications, the soluble molybdenum content in the roasted molybdenum sand should be at least 98%. Roasting flue gases are…

Cement Production Line Project

1. Introduction to Cement Production Line Technology A cement production line is a series of equipment that collectively forms a complete cement manufacturing process. It primarily comprises stages such as crushing and pre-homogenization, raw material preparation and homogenization, preheating and decomposition, clinker burning, and cement grinding and packaging. Diagram of a cement production line. 2. Characteristics of Cement Production Lines Cement production lines are large-scale industrial systems involving numerous heavy-duty machines. Proper maintenance, repair, and extending the service life of these machines are critical. Wear‑resistant components account for a significant portion of operating costs in cement plants. In lines that process limestone, clay, and iron ore, wear‑related expenses—as well as associated repair and maintenance costs—pose substantial challenges for operators. To address this, we develop optimized solutions aimed at maximizing the service life of wear parts, thereby reducing wear‑related costs and minimizing maintenance and repair efforts. 3. Main Equipment Configuration of a Cement Production Line The primary equipment used in a cement production line includes: conveying systems, belt conveyors, feeders, crushers, mills, quantitative feeders, dust collectors, roller presses, ball mills, elevators, rotary kilns, dryers, pneumatic conveying chutes, air compressors, classifiers, FU chain conveyors, bucket elevators, grate coolers, kiln head hoods, coal‑injection nozzles, cyclone preheaters, packing machines, and other auxiliary devices.